how is makeup tested on animals?

The use of animals for testing cosmetics and personal care products is a controversial issue, with many companies and organizations having different policies and practices regarding animal testing.

Traditionally, makeup and personal care products have been tested on animals to assess their safety for human use. This can include tests such as skin and eye irritation tests, as well as acute toxicity tests, where animals are exposed to high doses of a product to determine the potential for harmful effects.

However, in recent years, many companies have begun to phase out animal testing in favor of alternative testing methods, such as in vitro (test-tube) methods and computer modeling. These alternatives are considered to be more humane and also more efficient.

There are also some countries such as the European Union, Norway, Switzerland, India, Israel and New Zealand have banned the sale of cosmetics and personal care products that have been tested on animals.

It's important to note that some companies still test on animals, particularly in countries where there are no laws against animal testing. Consumers can research the animal testing policies of different companies and choose to purchase products from companies that do not test on animals. There are also organizations and certifications that can help consumers identify cruelty-free products, such as PETA and Leaping Bunny.